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Tips for Doing Qualitative Global Research

by Diane Hagglund

I was asked the other day about how to choose a research firm for qualitative global research projects – interviews and focus groups.

NOTE:  We work exclusively with technology, so this advice may not translate to consumer products – what do you think? Do let us know in the comments.

At Dimensional Research, we’ve recently done a number of projects in India, China, Japan, Australia, and Singapore, as well as Germany, France, UK, and other countries in Europe. We’ve also done virtual projects with participants from Peru, Brazil, Ecuador and Venezuela.

We have found that the principles are basically the same in any international country, with special caveats where English is not the first language.

Our recommendation is to prioritize deep experience in the industry rather than first looking for deep experience in a particular country. It is always possible to find local language support, but almost impossible to find the combination of both language and technical expertise. Of course, a firm has to have some sense of doing international research and know the pitfalls, but once you’ve done it in a few countries, the process translates to almost any other country.

The most typical approach is to pick the locations, and then partner with a local facility. Since recruiting works straight off the guide, people answer the questions the way the guide is written it to determine qualification. The important step is getting a really good guide that does a great job of filtering out unqualified people – if you do this, the local people can easily translate and get a good recruit.

Firms like Dimensional Research keep track of the really great research facilities in various countries through our direct experience and our research network – and since we specialize in technology, we work only with facilities that do great technology work. That evolves over time since there is a lot of consolidation in the market research facilities business, so it’s an ongoing effort.

In terms of moderation, if it is at all possible, we conduct research in English. Since English is the language of corporate IT and business technology, that is a real option in our research. While you need to give participants more time to communicate, the results are better if English is an option.

But it’s not always possible – in Japan it’s nearly impossible to do English-language research. In China, it depends on the audience – if you deal with very senior IT executives in the modern cities of China you might be able to use English, otherwise probably not. We have found some really excellent Japanese and Chinese moderators that we use on our projects who know technology really well and we coach them heavily before going into projects.

Bonus Tip: Make sure any firm you work with is aware of and embraces international culture. It really does make a difference to have experience outside the US to pull from. A big part of a researcher’s job is to put the participants at ease so they want to tell you the stuff that is a bit sensitive or embarrassing or doesn’t make them or their company look good.

During one of my first experiences with international research (I was only an observer), the moderator was an incredibly nice man who clearly believed that the US was the best country on earth. Unfortunately he didn’t quite get it that the British people he was talking to didn’t seem to agree with him. Not the best place to start a research conversation!

Conducting International Research: Working from Abroad

by Diane Hagglund

My family and I are living in the south of France for a year. It’s been a really incredible experience, and one of the things that has made it possible is this fantastic job doing market research with technology professionals.

This is truly a profession that can be done from almost anywhere in the world – “location independent living” at it’s best. Phone and web survey work can be done effectively from anywhere with reliable internet and phone connections. And you have to travel for focus groups anyway so a few more hours on a plane isn’t much of a difference. I wondered at first if my clients would be concerned that I was farther away, but that simply has not been an issue.

Here are a few tips I’ve learned in the past few months that anyone working overseas temporarily can leverage, but especially market researchers:

1) Vonage is your friend: When you’re doing recruiting or in-depth interview calls, it is a disaster to have a strange foreign number – or worse “Caller Unknown” – show up on CallerID. We brought our Vonage box to France and plugged it into the internet, and now it’s my name and number that shows up when I make calls, so the participants feel comfortable picking up the phone. Of course it’s also great that calls to North America and many other countries in the world are free, and being able to dial 1-800 numbers is a big plus.

2) Try Euro Saver: Finding a reliable calling card with local toll free access was much harder than it should have been. Many of the cards listed toll free numbers that were out of service. The Euro Saver from Cloncom has been great. Good prices and reliable toll-free access across every country I’ve been to in Europe so far.

3) Keep your US Smart Phone: It was important to me to keep my US cell phone number for incoming calls and business consistency. I was surprised that my cell phone bill is actually lower in France then it was in the US – mostly because I use the phone less of course. I cut my plan down to the minimum number of local minutes, and added the global plan for data, which was not expensive. The calling plan is exorbitant at over $1/minute, but I just don’t use it that often. Outbound calls I make from the Vonage line and long inbound calls I ask if I can call back from a land-line that is more reliable.

4) Invest in a monitor and an all-in-one printer: I’m finding that I can live temporarily without most of the things I have in my California office, but I did go ahead and buy a printer/scanner/copier which has been invaluable. You must be able to sign documents and email them if you’re running a business. I also bought an external monitor. When doing analysis and writing reports – especially for quantitative projects – I must have that extra screen real estate.

5) Bring your favorite headset: The Vonage line requires a US phone, so I brought my favorite phone with my favorite headset. It’s the same setup for calls that I had in my office in California.

With that, you’re all set. The one other adjustment I needed to make was my working hours. Researchers almost always have crazy hours. Even if you work just with North America you have four different time zones you have to cover, and most of us also do work with Europe and Asia as well. But when you’re abroad, you have your client calls at crazy hours in addition to your participant calls, and you need to adjust your mindset for this. It’s been fairly easy though. I do more calls in the evening, but on the flip side I really appreciate the interruption-free mornings that let me focus on analysis and writing.

I strongly recommend working overseas to all researchers who have international business. It’s not that difficult, and it gives a great perspective.

Conducting International Research: Overcoming the Language Barrier

by Diane Hagglund

Language is a topic that is particularly close to my heart right now. Last August I relocated with my family to the south of France for a year. We wanted to experience life in another country.

I also wanted to improve my French which was best described as “preschool-esque.” My husband is French-Canadian, so French is an important part of his heritage. We wanted our kids to be immersed in the language and I hoped to get my own French to a more functional level.

Being here and struggling to communicate has been very good at helping me understand the experience of many of our international research participants. Dimensional Research clients are technology companies that frequently have global operations and most of our projects include international participants. Since English is the global language of technology, technology professionals typically speak at least some English, albeit with a wide range of ability.

My French is still not very good, but I’m finding that there are certain people here that I can easily communicate with because they create an environment that makes it possible. Any researcher can have a more successful conversation with a participant that is not a native speaker by using these same techniques.

1) Speak slowly and clearly.  This is a must for any research conversation, but is particularly important with a non-native speaker. One of my challenges when listening to French is picking out the individual words within the sentence. If someone talks too quickly or runs the words together, I miss words that I know perfectly well and so lose the overall question. It’s much easier to talk with people who distinctly separate each word.

2) Use simple words. When learning a second language, it’s easy to master words like “good” and “nice,” but “majestic” or “phenomenal” don’t come up very often. The simpler the language, the more likely it will be understood.

3) Avoid jokes.  Humor and wit are among the most difficult things to grasp in a second language. Unless it’s really, really, REALLY simple it’s just confusing. Even worse, having someone laugh during a conversation I don’t understand makes me wonder if they’re laughing at me, which is discouraging for the overall conversation.

4) Repeat first – then reword. A lot of times I don’t get what someone says to me the first time, especially if it’s a new topic. But if they repeat the words in exactly the same way, I have a second chance to pick up what they’re saying. I know this is not a natural thing to do. Instinct says to use more or different words since that helps when talking to an native speaker. But a non-native speaker just has more words they have to filter through, which makes it harder. Of course, if repeating doesn’t work, then reword, sticking to simple language.

5) Give participants time to think.  It requires a lot of brain-cycles to carry on a conversation when you’re not fluent in the language. Everyone knows that feeling when they have to search for a word that just isn’t there. When I talk French it ALWAYS feel like that. Translating real-time is difficult and can take time. Simply pausing for a little bit will give the participant time to think and come up with the best way to express themselves.

6) Enable participants help each other.  In a focus group environment, put it on the table. Say that you know it is challenging to speak a second language, and that everybody in the room should help out everyone else to facilitate communication. If you give people permission to struggle a bit, then the group can pitch in to help an individual express their thought.

Of course, there are times when the only real solution to research with non-English speakers is a translator, but sometimes a bit of patience is all you need for spectacular research results.

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